Osteoporotic ankle fractures: A narrative review of management options

The management of Osteoporotic ankle fractures is still considered to be a challenge by many surgeons. One of the issues seems to be a lack of data focused on this special subgroup, with very little evidence of good quality. We did a narrative review of the literature in an attempt to identify the magnitude of the problem and to evaluate the evidence in support of management options.The current review of the literature has brought to light some interesting facts. Despite limited data there seems to be an in increase in the incidence of these fractures. Although we could not demonstrate any clear distinction between geriatric and osteoporotic ankle fractures from the available literature; it is clear that all geriatric fractures are not necessarily osteoporotic and neither is the reverse true. The evidence to associate osteoporotic ankle fractures with poor outcomes is weak, and factors other than osteoporosis may have a stronger influence. From this analysis, we could not establish a higher incidence of implant failure for this specific fracture group, although many modifications in technique have been proposed due to the fear of fixation failure. Hook plating and Tibia-pro fibula fixation have weak evidence in support, but posterior fibular plating is preferred due to soft tissue protection. There is weak evidence in support of Locking plates for these fractures, as publications focused on this are limited; nevertheless some advantages have been documented. Augmentation by calcium based bone graft substitutes has been reported to improve pull out strengths of screws, but again the evidence of its role in Osteoportic fractures is limited. Fibular nailing has been proposed with specific advantages in osteoporotic fibular fractures, but the concept is new and it is indicated only in a select a subgroup of cases. Some evidence exists for the use of trans-articular nails in geriatric subgroups with limited pre-injury mobility, but the technique has to be used with caution to prevent other complications.InferenceMore data needs to be accumulated before clear guidelines for management of osteoporotic ankle factures are defined; however the current literature supports the need for modifications in standard ankle facture fixation methods to improve outcomes.     

The safety and feasibility of minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the posterior aspect of the humerus: A cadaveric study

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of applying MIPO of the humerus via the posterior approach and to observe the tension of the radial nerve in different elbow positions. Two separate incisions were made on the posterior aspect of the humerus in ten fresh cadavers (20 humeri). The radial nerve was identified at the proximal incision and the distances through which the nerve could be elevated from the bone with the elbow in flexion and extension were measured. A 10‐hole extra‐articular distal humeral locking compression plate was inserted and fixed through the submuscular tunnel. The tunnel was then explored to identify any entrapment of the radial nerve and to observe the anatomical relationship of the radial nerve to the plate and bone. There was no entrapment of the radial nerve or its branches. The distances through which the radial nerve could be elevated were greater with the elbow in extension than in flexion (P < 0.01). The radial nerve crossed the medial and lateral borders of the posterior surface of the humerus at 80.1–132 mm (average 104.7 mm) and 116.6–175.5 mm (average 142.7 mm) of its total length, respectively. The axillary nerve was located at 38.7–61.7 mm (average 47.9 mm) of total humeral length. MIPO of the humerus using the posterior approach is an alternative option for treating distal humeral shaft fracture. The risk of radial nerve injury can be minimized by careful dissection in the proximal incision. Clin. Anat. 32:176–182, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

桡骨远端FrykmanⅧ型骨折钢板固定有限元模型的建立及力学分析

文题释义：尺骨茎突骨折：高达50%-70%的桡骨远端骨折合并有尺骨茎突骨折，骨折预后由此产生的并发症已经引起了临床的重视，但对尺骨茎突骨折是否需要固定仍存在争议。桡骨远端骨折Frykman分型：由Frykman于1967年提出，8种分型中的偶数型均合并有尺骨茎突骨折。背景：临床中对于桡骨远端骨折或是关节脱位的治疗普遍比较重视，但却很少关注尺骨茎突骨折，而且对尺骨茎突骨折是否需要固定存在争议。骨科生物力学研究中，选用尸体实验可能会遇到尸体模型选择标准不一以及力学测量手段不同等问题。 目的：选用有限元分析方法，基于Mimics软件构建桡骨远端Frykman Ⅷ型骨折钢板螺钉固定的有限元仿真模型，并设定工况与载荷进行力学分析，希望给此类骨折修复方案的选择提供参考。方法：基于1例健康志愿者的前臂及手部CT图像建立正常腕关节三维有限元基础模型，调试后通过轴向加载100 N应力得出桡骨远端的应力分布云图，与文献中尸体实验数据对比来验证模型的有效性。通过有限元相关软件分网、切割造模建立桡骨远端Frykman Ⅷ型骨折合并尺骨茎突Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨折的2种有限元模型，并完成桡骨远端钢板螺钉固定模型的组装。在旋转工况下设定载荷，分析2个模型中钢板内植物单元的应力分布、下尺桡关节的相对位移及尺骨茎突骨折端位移的变化情况。结果与结论：①建立并验证了正常腕关节的三维有限元模型，以此为基础延伸建立出桡骨远端Frykman Ⅷ型骨折合并尺骨茎突Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨折桡骨远端钢板螺钉固定的2种有限元模型；②在设定相同旋转载荷条件下，桡骨远端Frykman Ⅷ型骨折合并尺骨茎突Ⅰ型骨折的钢板固定模型中钢板单元承受的应力及应力分布范围均小于合并尺骨茎突Ⅱ型骨折钢板固定的骨折模型，下尺桡关节的相对位移值及尺骨茎突骨折端位移值也小于后者；③提示构建的腕关节三维有限元模型可用于腕部骨折的力学机制分析；通过有限元分析研究显示，桡骨远端Frykman Ⅷ型骨折中尺骨茎突骨折会影响下尺桡关节的稳定性，其中合并有尺骨茎突Ⅱ型骨折时较为明显，可以给此类骨折修复方案的选择提供一定的临床参考。ORCID: 0000-0001-7298-6727(李永耀) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

What Factors Predict Patient Dissatisfaction After Contemporary Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy?

BackgroundAlthough current advances in surgical techniques have improved outcomes of the medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO), the factors associated with patient dissatisfaction remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for patient dissatisfaction following contemporary MOWHTO.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on 140 consecutive MOWHTO patients using an anatomical locking plate with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patient demographics, pain Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, activity level, articular cartilage and meniscal status, hip-knee-ankle angle, change in alignment, and postoperative weight-bearing line ratio were recorded. Patients were categorized using the New Knee Society Score into satisfied (satisfaction score ≥20) or dissatisfied (satisfaction score <20) groups. Patient and surgical factors were compared between the groups by the identified predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors, including K-L grade IV medial osteoarthritis (OA), preoperative pain Visual Analogue Scale, total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score, postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, change in alignment, and partial meniscectomy.ResultsOf the 140 patients, 24 (17.1%) were dissatisfied with their results. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only K-L grade IV medial OA was statistically associated with patient dissatisfaction following MOWHTO (odds ratio 4.911, 95% confidence interval 1.820-13.256, P < .01).ConclusionSevere medial OA was an independent risk factor for dissatisfaction following contemporary MOWHTO using a rigid locking plate. Surgeons should take this into consideration when counseling and choosing surgical options in MOWHTO candidates with severe medial OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

锁定钢板加缝线技术与空心拉力螺钉技术固定肱骨大结节骨折效果比较

目的通过比较锁定钢板加缝线技术与空心拉力螺钉固定肱骨大结节骨折的力学稳定性,探讨优化肱骨大结节骨折的内固定方式。方法选择信阳市中医院2015年1月至2019年4月收治的肱骨大结节骨折患者52例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组22例和观察组30例,对照组采用半螺纹松质骨空心钉固定,观察组采用小型锁定钢板固定并辅助不可吸收缝合线缝合肩袖于钢板上。两组术后外固定时间、康复锻炼方式相同,术后随访半年。观察比较两组患者内固定失效率,失效后大结节骨折块上方移位距离,肩峰撞击发生率。结果观察组术后内固定失效率、肩峰下撞击发生率均明显小于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月肩关节功能评分优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论锁定钢板固定骨折块辅助不可吸收缝合线缝合肩袖于钢板上,这种手术方式骨折稳定性明显高于空心拉力螺钉固定方式,并且患者术后可以更早接受更大强度的功能锻炼。     

Correction of penile torsion and chordee by mobilization of urethra with spongiosum in chordee without hypospadias

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of correcting coexistent penile torsion and chordee without hypospadias by mobilization of the urethra and spongiosum.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of nine patients with simultaneous penile torsion and chordee without hypospadias was undertaken between January 2006 and December 2012. During this period, a total of 364 cases of hypospadias and 38 of chordee without hypospadias were operated on, making a total of 402 patients with hypospadias-related complexes. The same steps were used for correction of both torque and chordee. After a circumcoronal incision, the penis was fully degloved and the spongiosum with urethra was lifted up off the cavernosa. Next, mobilization of the hypoplastic urethra with spongiosum was extended into the glans. If chordee or torque persisted, urethral mobilization was performed proximally up to the bulbar urethra, as required. Spongioplasty and glansplasty were done and a per-urethral stent was kept in for three to five days.ResultsThe age of the patients ranged from 5 to 16 years (median 6 years). Penile torsion ranged from 30° to 120°, with a median of 75°. Ventral chordee ranged from 45° to 100°, with a median of 50°. A ratio of 1:9.6 was found for chordee without hypospadias compared to the total hypospadias cases, with an incidence of 9.5%. The ratio of chordee without hypospadias with torsion compared to the total hypospadias cases was 1:29. There was an incidence of chordee without hypospadias with penile torsion of 3.5% in all patients with hypospadias. The ratio of chordee without hypospadias with torsion to only chordee without hypospadias was 1:1.71, with an incidence of 37.0%. Every step contributed to the correction of curvature and torsion. Chordee was corrected in two patients by penile degloving and lifting of the spongiosa off the urethral plate; three patients required additional mobilization of the urethra into the glans. Another two patients needed proximal urethral mobilization and one required a dorsal plication. In five patients, torque was corrected by penile degloving, lifting of the spongiosa and mobilization of the urethra into the glans; four patients required further proximal urethral mobilization. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic results. No residual chordee or torque was observed in any patient on follow-up at 12–24 months.ConclusionThe technique of distally mobilizing a hypoplastic urethra with spongiosum from the corpora into the glans, and proximally up to the bulbar region corrects moderate to severe chordee and torsion with excellent cosmetic results. The incidence of torsion with chordee without hypospadias was 3.5% of all cases of hypospadias.     

三种方法测定地面游离蚤的效果观察

目的比较水盘法、粘蚤纸法及粘蝇板法等三种方法现场测定地面游离蚤的效果。方法选择云南省景洪市景讷乡4个村54户家庭作为研究对象,其中2个村同时布放水盘及粘蚤纸,另外2个村同时放置水盘及粘蝇板测定地面游离蚤,分别计算不同方法对地面游离蚤的捕获率,并进行结果比较。结果同时布放粘蚤纸及水盘的勐混和小寨,粘蚤纸法和水盘法的捕获率分别为44.50%(283/636)和80.85%(494/611),两种方法对地面游离蚤的捕获率差异有统计学意义(χ2=175.33,P0.01);同时布放粘蝇板及水盘的大寨和新寨,粘蝇板法及水盘法捕获率分别为54.06%(353/653)和69.78%(448/642),捕获率测定结果差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.09,P0.01)。不同村寨水盘法的捕获率80.85%(494/611)和69.78%(449/642),与粘蚤纸法和粘蝇板法的捕获率44.50%(283/636)和54.06%(353/653)交叉比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=83.40,P0.01和χ2=102.48,P0.01)。分别布放在不同村寨的粘蚤纸及粘蝇板对地面游离蚤的捕获率44.50%(283/636)和54.06%(353/653),差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.78,P0.01)。结论水盘法对地面游离蚤的收集效果明显优于粘蚤纸法及粘蝇板法,粘蝇板法虽然捕获率优于粘蚤纸法,但实际应用中存在缺点。水盘法更适合在基层鼠疫监测工作中使用。     

锁定钢板与人工肱骨头置换治疗成人肱骨近端骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的对采取锁定钢板与人工肱骨头置换治疗成人肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效进行Meta分析,探讨两种手术方式的治疗效果。方法通过计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)、中国知网(CNKI)及外文PubMed、Science Direct等数据库2004年1月至2013年12月期间发表的相关治疗肱骨近端骨折的各种对照研究,进行Meta分析。结果共纳入符合标准的文献9篇,采用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析,结果显示:锁定钢板与人工肱骨头置换比较Neer评分优良率方面差异无统计学意义(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.33~2.14,P=0.72),在ASES评分优良率方面无显著差异(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.26~2.44,P=0.69)。结论目前认为锁定钢板与人工肱骨头置换对特定骨折类型各有利弊。对于高龄粉碎性的肱骨近端骨折患者,多数倾向于人工肱骨头置换。对于老年粉碎性的肱骨近端骨折的患者,现有文献中没有足够的对照试验证明人工肱骨头置换的优越性。     

Carbon plate shows even distribution of stress,decreases screw loosening,and increases recovery of preoperative daily feed intake amount in a rabbit model of mandibular continuity defects

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare a carbon plate (CP) and a titanium mandibular reconstruction plate (TMRP) in finite element analysis and an animal model.Materials and methodsTwelve rabbits were used for this experiment. After a mandible continuity defect was created, either a CP or a TMRP was used for mandibular reconstruction. Postoperatively, daily feed intake amount (DFIA) was measured for 4 weeks. Radiographic images were also acquired to evaluate screw loosening. For the analysis of the stress distribution, a simple continuity defect model was used, and finite element analysis was performed.ResultsThe CP group had 0.80 ± 0.45 lost screws in an animal during the 4 weeks postoperative observation; however, the TMRP group had 1.86 ± 0.69 lost screws (p = 0.014). Overall, the 5 out of 5 of rabbits in the CP group and 3 out of 7 in the TMRP group exhibited preoperative levels of DFIA during the 4 week observation (p = 0.038). The finite element analysis showed that the stress was more evenly distributed in the CP than in the TMRP model.ConclusionsThe CP group showed decreased screw loosening and increased recovery of preoperative DFIA compared to the TMRP group in a rabbit model of mandibular continuity defects. Perfect adaptation of CP during the operation could not be achieved in spite of reshaping to the mandibular curvature. This disadvantage of the CP system can be overcome by the prefabricated technique using a prototype model.